Refine your search
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Bhakuni, S. S.
- Neotectonic Fault in the Middle Part of Lesser Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh: A Study Based on Structural and Morphotectonic Analyses
Abstract Views :329 |
Authors
Source
Himalayan Geology, Vol 34, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 57-64Abstract
The landscape morphology, and structural and geomorphometric analyses in the middle part of the Lesser Himalaya suggest the neotectonic activity along the ENE-WSW trending course of the Kamla River, Arunachal Pradesh. In the upper reaches, the Kamla River flows transverse to the regional strike of rocks, but becomes sub- parallel to parallel along the Kamla River Fault (KRF), which passes through the river. Along the KRF the rocks are characterized by brittle extensional fractures with relative displacements across them. The foliation-parallel shear fabrics also show extension in between. Locally, the river valley is straight for a distance of>l km and forms a deep and narrow gorge with convex and steep valley-slopes. A series of landslides with fresh-looking slip-circles exposing triangular steep facets are aligned along the Kamla River valley and its nearby region. On the hill-slope (dipping >50° towards SSW and S directions) of ENE-WSW trending sharp ridge, the recurrence of old and active landslides took place parallel to the trace of the KRF. The high stream length-gradient index (SL) values of 3 230 of Pa and Paja tributaries of the Kamla River suggest young vertical uplift in the region combined with deep incision by the river. The SL of the Kamla River has low value (1 0) as it passes through the KRF zone. The out-of-sequence neotectonic activity along the KRF is attributed to the locking of the detachment surface below the Lesser Himalaya.Keywords
Arunachal Lesser Himalaya, Neotectonic Activity, Stream Length-gradient Index
- Soft-sediment Deformation Structures (seismites) in Middle Siwalik Sediments of Arunachal Pradesh, NE Himalaya
Abstract Views :266 |
Authors
Source
Himalayan Geology, Vol 33, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 139-145Abstract
Soft-sediment deformation structures are reported from the upper part of the Middle Siwalik Subgroup exposed along Itanagar-Gohpur road section, Arunachal Pradesh. Occurring between two relatively thick undeformed sandstone horizons, these structures were recognized in a multilayered sequence of incompetent fine-grained sandstone alternating with thin layers of dark coloured carbonaceous sandstone. The observed deformation structures include convoluted laminations, complex flame structures, pseudonodules, dishes, pillars, diapiric like intrusions, detached folds, deformed pinch-and swell-beddings and bulged sand bodies. They are interpreted to be seismites that have been generated during the Late Miocene time, probably by a moderate earthquake source associated with re-activation of the Bomdila Thrust or Main Central Thrust ~10 Ma.Keywords
Middle Siwalik, Late Miocene, Soft-sediment Deformation Structures, Bomdila Thrust, Arunachal Pradesh- Bathymetric Study of the Neotectonic Naini Lake in Outer Kumaun Himalaya
Abstract Views :174 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
N. H. Hashimi
1,
M. C. Pathak
1,
P. Jauhari
1,
R. R. Nair
1,
A. K. Sharma
2,
S. S. Bhakuni
2,
M. K. S. Bisht
2,
K. S. Valdiya
2
Affiliations
1 National Institute of Oceanography, Goa - 403 004, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
1 National Institute of Oceanography, Goa - 403 004, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 41, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 91-104Abstract
The Naini lake is a product of rotational movernent on a NW-SE trending Nainital Fault, quite after the establishment of the drainage of a mature stream named Balia Nala. Detailed bathymetric study, permits division of this crescent-shaped lake into two subbasins separated by an approximately 100 m wide transverse underwater ridge, 7m to 20m below the lake surface. The southeastern and northwestern parts, 11 to 25 m and 4 to 27 m deep, respectively, are filled with unconsolidated sediments, 15 m thick on an average. The semiconsolidated sedimentary layers locally exhibit slumping an slopes and deformation in channel beds. These features together with thetransverse Central Ridge, the deep channel cutting through it, the small scarps and terraces or step-like features on the slopes of the narrow V-shaped undemater valley in the southeastern part and its thick filling in parts due to blockade resulting presumably from fault movements, and the existence of deformed and displaced acoustic reflectors are interpreted as indicating quite recent movements along the Nainital Fault. Hitherto unidentified pinnacle-like objects penetrating through or perched atop sediments, are suggestive of either tectonic displacement and squeezing or of the hazard of mass movements which have occurred. A number of small but rapidly growing deltas along shores indicate accelerated pace of sediment input, resulting from quickened erosion in the catchment area.Keywords
Naini Lake, Neotectonism, Bathymetric Study, Kumaun Himalaya.- Ground Tilting in Likhabali Area along the Frontal Part of Arunachal Himalaya: Evidence of Neotectonics
Abstract Views :194 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 71, No 6 (2008), Pagination: 780-786Abstract
Present study along frontal part of the Sub-Himalayan tenam suggests neotectonic activities along thrusts and faults. Neotectonics is evident from geomorphic features such as development of terraces, stream incision, preferred stream migration and the thrusting of the Siwalik rocks over the Quaternary deposits. Southward Himalayan foreland propagation thrusting has resulted in ground tilting in the frontal part of the Himalaya and has led the streams to migrate towards Southwest. On the other hand the stream in the Sub-Himalayan terrain flows parallel to the trend of the Arunachal Himalaya, and has migrated southward. The calculated mountain front smuosity index reflects relative tectonic activity in the mountain front Thrusts and taults have controlled the drainage channels of major streams. Recent seismic activities have triggered massive landslides, which blocked the streams temporarily.Keywords
Neotectonics, Drainage-Basin Asymmetry, Ground Tilting, Stieam Incision, Mountain Front Smuosity, Terrace, Arunachal Himalaya.- Soft Sediment Deformational Structures in the Lacustrine Deposits of Ziro Valley, Lesser Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract Views :175 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, NE Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, NE Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 70, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 73-78Abstract
Soft sediment deformational structures of various types are preserved in the lacustrine deposits at Soro village of Ziro valley, Lesser Himalaya, Amnachal Pradesh. The structures that have been observed include sand dykes, flame structures, load casts, micro-folds, convolute and other complex structures. The affected sediments are predominantIy loosely packed cohesionless sands and silts due to change of state from grain supported to fluid supported matrix by application of external force; and are enclosed between two undeforrned layers. Earthquake induced liquefaction is proposed for the formation of such structures taking into consideration the geodynamic conditions of the region.Keywords
Soft Sediment deformational structures, Lacustrine deposits, Seismites, Liquefaction, Ziro valley, Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya.- Landslides along Frontal Part of Eastern Himalaya in East Siang and Lower Dibang Districts, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Abstract Views :208 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 71, No 3 (2008), Pagination: 321-330Abstract
Eastern Himalayan foothills particularly between Siang and Dibang Rivers are prone to landslides. The causative factors of landslides are steep slopes, presence of major structural discontinuities, multiple joint sets, drainage density, weathered to soft nature of rocks and heavy rainfall. Most of the landslides are taking place in steep to very steep slopes. Fault gouges and brecciated rocks developed along the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) zone have also facilitated the initiation of many landslides. Wedge analyses for sandstones and quartzites have also been carried out to determine their influence on the slope stability and potential failure. The area is also susceptible to high rate of erosion due to structurally controlled streams and gullies resulting in profuse development of fans along the foothills. Seismic condition of the region is also a major concern for the slope stability. Landslides debris usually chokes the streams, destroy the bridges, subways and roads and affect cultivated lands particularly along the mountain front. Neotectonic activity along the MBT has resulted in the development of young and steep hill-slopes, which are prone to landslides.Keywords
Landslides, Wedge Failure, Slopes, Arunachal Himalaya.- Active Tectonics in the Northwestern Outer Himalaya: Evidence of Large-Magnitude Palaeoearthquakes in Pinjaur Dun and the Frontal Himalaya
Abstract Views :284 |
PDF Views:112
Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 Gen. Mahadeo Singh Road, Dehra Dun 248 001, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 Gen. Mahadeo Singh Road, Dehra Dun 248 001, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 211-222Abstract
The Himalayan region has experienced a number of M8 and M5-M7.8 magnitude earthquakes in the present century. Apart from the release of strain builtup due to convergence of the Indian and Tibetan plates by seismic activity and aseismic slip, the tectonic activity in the current tectonic regime has also effected morphotectonic changes due to uplift, tilting of drainage basins, shifting or diversion of rivers and their tributary channels. Seismicity is mainly due to activity along numerous active faults, which trend parallel or transverse to the Himalayan mountain belt. In the outer Himalaya or the foothills, lying between the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) and the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), some active faults have generated major earthquakes. The present article illustrates two such faults in the Pinjaur Dun and in the HFT zone at Kala Amb, Himachal Pradesh. Palaeoseismological study carried out at Nalagarh in Pinjaur Dun has revealed Late Pleistocene earthquakes along the Nalagarh Thrust (NT) that separates the Palaeogene rocks from the Neogene Siwaliks. The study shows evidences of at least two large magnitude earthquakes that rocked this region. The repeated reactivation of NT and HFT substantiates high seismic potential of the northwestern outer Himalaya and calls for more extensive study of palaeoearthquakes in this vastly populous mountainous region.Keywords
Active Tectonics, NW Himalaya, Palaeoearthquakes, Tectonic Landforms.Full Text
- Normal Faults near the Top of Footwall of Ramgarh Thrust along Kosi River Valley, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya
Abstract Views :250 |
PDF Views:148
Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 248 001, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 248 001, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 110, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 640-648Abstract
Conjugate sets of normal faults formed in the Quaternary fan sediments lying near the top of footwall rocks of the Ramgarh Thrust are analysed. These faults are recognized on left hillslope of Kosi River valley, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya. The Ramgarh Thrust marks the mountain front of the uplifted Central Crystallines, which have been under thrust along the Ramgarh Thrust by its footwall of the Nagthat Formation belonging to the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. The existence of a regional-scale footwall anticlinal structure along the Kosi River suggests that the compressional stress regime is active in the subsurface region related to the Himalayan thrust tectonics. Analysis of structural data reveals that the normal faults have been formed by pure shear due to gravity. The WNW-ESE trending normal faults are recognized within the Quaternary fan deposit and also at the top of the country rocks just below and adjacent to the fan deposit. Therefore, it is interpreted that the deformation related to N-S extensional tectonics has taken place at the uppermost crustal level due to gravity, where influence of the Himalayan subsurface compressional tectonics is no more significant.Keywords
Fan Sediments, Footwall Rocks, Kumaun Himalayas, Normal and Ridge Faults, Thrust Tectonics.Full Text
References
- Valdiya, K. S., Geology and Natural Environment of Nainital Hills, Gyanodaya Prashan, Nianital, 1988, p. 160.
- Valdiya, K. S., Tectonics and evolution of the central sector of the Himalaya. Philos. Trans. R. Soc., London Ser. A, 1988, 326, 151-175.
- Mehta, J. S. and Sanwal, R., Evidence of active tectonics along oblique transverse normal fault in the Kosi River valley around Betalghat, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India. Curr. Sci., 2011, 101, 541-543.
- Luirei, K., Bhakuni, S. S., Kothyari, G. Ch., Tripathi, K. and Pant, P. D., Quaternary compressional and extensional tectonics revealed from Quaternary landforms along Kosi River valley, outer Kumaun Lesser Himalaya. Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundsch.), 2015; doi:10.1007/s00531-015-1204-0.
- Yhokha, A., Chang, C.-P., Goswami, P. K., Yen, J.-Y. and Lee, S.-I., Surface deformation in the Himalaya zone and adjoining piedmont of the Ganga Plain, Uttarakhand, India: determined by different radar interferometric techniques. J. Asian Earth Sci., 2015, 106, 119-129.
- Valdiya, K. S., The Main Boundary Thrust Zone, India. Ann. Tecton., 1992, IV, 54-84.
- Bali, R., Bhattacharya, A. R. and Singh, T. N., Active tectonics in the outer Himalaya: dating a landslide event in the Kumaun sector. e-J. Earth Sci. India, 2009, 2, 276-288.
- Valdiya, K. S., Sharma, P. K., Rana, R. S. and Dey, P., Active Himalayan Fault, Main Boundary Thrust and Ramgarh Thrust in southern Kumaun. J. Geol. Soc. India, 1992, 40, 509-528.
- Valdiya, K. S., Uplift and geomorphic rejuvenation of the Himalaya in the Quaternary period. Curr. Sci., 1993, 64, 873-885.
- Kothyari, G. Ch., Pant, P. D., Joshi, M., Luirei, K. and Malik, J.N., Active faulting and deformation of Quaternary landforms, Sub Himalaya, India. Geochronomeria, 2010, 37, 63-71.
- Kothyari, G. Ch., Pant, P. D. and Luirei, K., Landslides and neotectonic activities in the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) zone: southeastern Kumaun, Uttarakhand. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2012, 80, 101-110.
- Luirei, K., Bhakuni, S. S., Suresh, N., Kothyari, G. Ch. and Pant, P. D., Tectonic geomorphology and morphometry of the frontal part of Kumaun Sub-Himalaya: appraisal of tectonic activity. Z.Geomorphol., 2014; doi:10.1127/0372-8854/2014/0134.
- Pant, P. D., Chauhan, R. and Bhakuni, S. S., Development of transverse fault along North Almora Thrust, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India: a study based on field and magnetic fabrics.J. Geol. Soc. India, 2012, 79, 429-448.
- Thakur, V. C., Rautela, P. and Jafaruddin, M., Normal faults in Panjal Thrust zone in Lesser Himalaya and between the Higher Himalayan Crystallines and Chamba sequence in Kashmir Himalaya, India. Proc. India Acad. Sci. (Earth Planet Sci.), 1995, 104, 499-508.
- Singh, C., Singh, A., Bharathi, V. K. S., Bansal, A. R. and Chadha, R. K., Frequency-dependent body wave attenuation characteristics in the Kumaun Himalaya. Tectonophysics, 2012, 524-525, 37-42.
- Patel, R. C., Adlakha, V., Lala, N., Singh, P. and Kumar, Y., Spatiotemporal variation in exhumation of crystallines in the NWHimalaya, India: constraints from fission tract dating analysis.Tectonophysics, 2011, 504, 1-13.
- Singh, P., Patel, R. C. and Lal, N., Plio-Pleistocene in-sequence thrust propagation along the Main Central Thrust zone (Kumaon- Garhwal Himalaya, India): new thermochronological data. Tectonophysics, 2012, 574-575, 193-203.
- Patel, R. C., Singh, P. and Lal, N., Thrusting and back-thrusting as post-emplacement kinematics of the Almora klippe: insights from low-temperature thermochronology. Tectonophysics, 2015, 653, 41-51.
- Mahesh, P., Gupta, S., Saikia, U. and Rai, S. S., Seismotectonics and crustal stress field in the Kumaon-Garhwal Himalaya. Tectonophysics, 2015, 655, 124-138.
- Nakata, T., Geomorphic history and crustal movements of foothills of the Himalayas. Science Report, Tohoku University, 7th Series (Geography), 1972, vol. 22, pp. 39-177.
- Nakata, T., Active faults of the Himalaya of India and Nepal.Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 1989, 232, 243-264.
- Adams, B. A., Hodges, K. V., Van Soest, M. C. and Whipple, K.X., Evidence of Pliocene-Quaternary normal faulting in the hinterland of the Bhutan Himalaya. Lithosphere, 2013, 5, 438- 449.
- Celeier, J., Harrison, T. M., Alexander, A., Webb, G. and Yin, A., The Kumaun and Garhwal Lesser Himalaya, India: Part 1. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 2009, 121, 1262-1280.
- Valdiya, K. S., Geology of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, 1980, p. 291.
- Trivedi, J. R., Goplani, K. and Valdiya, K. S., Rb-Sr ages of the granitic rocks within the Lesser Himalayan nappes, Kumaun, India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 1984, 25, 641-654.
- Murray, A. S. and Wintle, A. G., Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiat. Meas., 2000, 32, 57-73.
- Murphy, M. A., Saylor, J. E. and Ding, L., Late Miocene topographic inversion in southwest Tibet based on integrated paleoelevation reconstructions and structural history. Earth Planet. Sci.Lett., 2009, 282, 1-9.
- Hintersberger, E., Thiede, R. C. and Strecker, M. R., The role of extension during brittle deformation within the NW Indian Himalaya. Tectonics, 2011, 30; doi:10.1029/2010TC002822.
- Ni, J. and Barazangi, M., Active tectonics of the western Tethyan Himalaya above the underthrusting Indian Plate: the Upper Sutlej River Basin as a pull-apart structure. Tectonophysics, 1985, 112, 277-295.
- Dubey, A. K. and Bhakuni, S. S., Development of extensional faults on the oblique thrust ramp hanging wall: example from the Tethys Himalaya. J. Asian Earth Sci., 2004, 23, 427-434.
- Agarwal, K. K. and Sharma, V. K., Quaternary tilt-block tectonic in parts of Eastern Kumaun Himalaya, India. Z. Geomorphol., 2011, 55, 197-208.
- Banerjee, P. and Burgmann, R., Convergence across the northwest Himalaya from GPS measurements. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2002, 29; 10.1029/2002GL015184.
- Development of Transverse Fault along North Almora Thrust, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India: A Study Based on Field and Magnetic Fabrics
Abstract Views :218 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, Uttarakhand, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, Uttarakhand, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 79, No 5 (2012), Pagination: 429-448Abstract
Along the North Almora Thrust (NAT) in the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, a zone of mylonitic rocks has developed due to strain localization during the tectonic emplacement of the Almora Nappe over the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. This zone is referred here as the NAT zone (NATZ) that is dissected by faults, which are transverse to the Himalayan orographic trend and are known as seismically active structures. Trending NNW-SSE these are the Chaukhutiya and Raintoli faults. Two E-W oriented subsidiary brittle faults across the Chaukhutiya Fault are also recognized. Based on the field study and magnetic fabric analysis an attempt has been made to evaluate the deformation and kinematic history of northeastern margin of the Almora Nappe superposed by the Chaukhutiya faulting that coincides with northeastern margin of the NAT. Field study reveals brittle-ductile and brittle regimes of deformation along the Chaukhutiya Fault. Away from the NAT variable attitudes (E-W or ENE-WSW with gentle dip) of field foliation and axial planes of folds are observed, whereas at and near the NAT the attitudes of beds, including curved lithounits, are steeply dipping and are oriented parallel with the NNW-SSE trending NAT. Curvature in fold hinge line and discontinuous occurrence of lithounits are observed along the fault.
Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) study of the rocks was carried out. It reveals that the anisotropy is controlled mostly by paramagnetic minerals, whereas ferromagnetic minerals have played a minor role. High temperature demagnetization through hysteresis curves has yielded negligible contribution of ferromagnetic minerals. The steep magnetic foliation is interpreted to be on account of NE-SW oriented progressive regional compression. Moreover, the magnetic foliation is inferred to represent a secondary foliation due to superimposition on primary foliation. Analyses of AMS and structural data indicate that the Chaukhutiya Fault has a strike-slip right lateral displacement including rotational component. AMS results reveal high anisotropy value (Pj) at the surface trace of the NAT and low anisotropy (Pj) away from it. Variable style of deformation is observed along the transverse fault length.
Keywords
Almora Nappe, North Almora Thrust, Chaukhutiya Fault, Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility.References
- AGARWAL, K.K.,BALI, R., PATIL, S.K. and ALI, N. (2010) Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility in the Almora Crystalline Zone Lesser Himalaya, India: A case study. Jour Asian. Earth Sci., v.3(1), pp.1-10.
- AHMAD, T., HARRIS, N., BICKLE, M., CHAPMAN, H., BUNBURY, J. and PRINCE, C. (2000) Isotopic constraints on the structural relationships between the Lesser Himalayan Series and the High Himalayan Crystalline Series, Garwhal Himalaya. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v.112, pp.467-477.
- AUBOURG, C., HEBERT, R., JOLIVET, L. and CARTAYRADE, G. (2000) The magnetic fabric of metasediments in a detachment shear zone: the example of Tinos Island (Greece). Tectonophysics, v.321, pp.219-236.
- BHATTACHARYA, A.R. (1999) Deformational regimes across the Kumaun Himalaya: A study in strain pattern. Gondwana Res. Mem. (Japan), v.6, pp.81-90.
- BHATTACHARYA, A.R. (2004) Rotation of linear structures in shear regime. Geoinformatics, v.15, pp.159-162.
- BORRADAILE, G.J. (1988) Magnetic susceptibility, petrofabrics, and strain: a review. Tectonophysics, v.156, pp.1-20.
- BORRADAILE, G.J. (1991) Correlation of strain with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). Pure and Applied Geophysics, v.135, pp.15-29.
- BORRADAILE, G.J. (2001) Magnetic fabrics and petrofabrics; their orientation distributions and anisotropies. Jour. Struc. Geol., v.23, pp.1581-1596.
- BORRADAILE, G.J. and HENRY, B. (1997) Tectonic applications of magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy. Earth Sci. Rev., v.42, pp.49-93.
- BORRADAILE, G.J. and JACKSON, M. (2004) Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), magnetic petrofabrics of deformation rocks. In: F. Martin-Hernandez, C.M. Lunenburg, C. Aubourg, M. Jackson (Eds.), Magnetic Fabrics. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. No.238, pp.299-360.
- BORRADAILE, G.J. and JACKSON, M. (2010) Structural geology, petrofabrics and magnetic fabrics (AMS, AARM, AIRM). Jour. Struc. Geol., v.32, pp.1519-1551.
- BORRADAILE, G.J. and WERNER, T. (1994) Magnetic anisotropy of some phyllosilicates. Tectonophysics, v.235, pp. 223-248.
- CELERIER, J., HARRISON, T.M., YIN, A. and WEBB, A.A.G. (2009) The Kumaun and Garwhal Lesser Himalaya, India. Part 1: Structure and stratigraphy. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v.121, pp.1262-1280.
- DECELLES, P.G., ROBINSON, D.M., QUADE, J., OJHA, T.P., GARZIONE, C.N., COPELAND, P. and UPRETI, B.N. (2001) Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in western Nepal. Tectonics, v.20, pp.487-509.
- DEKKERS, M.J. (1988) Magnetic properties of natural pyrrhotite Part I: Behaviour of initial susceptibility and saturationmagnetization-related rock-magnetic parameters in a grainsize dependent framework. Phy. Earth Planet. Int., v.52, pp.376-393.
- DEKKERS, M.J. (1989) Magnetic properties of natural pyrrhotite. II. High- and low-temperature behavior of Jrs and TRM as a function of grain size. Phy. Earth Planet. Int., v.57, pp.266-283.
- DUBEY, A.K. (1997) Simultaneous development of noncylindrical folds, frontal ramps, and transfer faults in a compressional regime: Experimental investigarions of Himalayan Examples. Tectonics, v.16, pp.336-346.
- DUBEY, A.K., BHAKUNI, S.S. and SELOKAR, A.D. (2004) Structural evolution of the Kangra recess, Himachal Himalaya: a model based on magnetic and petrofabric strains. Jour. Asian Earth Sci., v.24, pp.245-258.
- DUBEY, A.K. and BHAKUNI, S.S. (2008) Neotectonic stress and active tectonics in the Garhwal Inner Lesser Himalaya: anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility studies. Him. Geol., v.29, pp.35-47.
- GANSSER, A. (1964) Geology of the Himalayas. Interscience Publishers, London, 273p.
- GOSWAMI, P.K. and PANT, C.C. (2008) Morphotectonic evolution of the Binau–Ramganga–Naurar transverse valley, southern Kumaun Lesser Himalaya. Curr. Sci., v. 94(12), pp.1640-1645.
- HALLWOOD, E.A., MADDOCK, R.K., FUNG, T. and RUTTER, E.H. (1992) Paleomagnetic analysis of fault gouge and dating fault movement, Anglesey, North Wales. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v.149, pp.273–84.
- HENRY, B. (1990) Magnetic fabric implications for the relationships between deformation mode and grain growth in slates from the Borrowdale Volcanic Group in the English Lake District. Tectonophysics, v.178, pp.225-230.
- HENRY, B. (1992) Modelling the relationship between magnetic fabric and strain in polymineralic rocks. Phy. Earth Planet. Int., v.70, pp.214-218.
- HROUDA, F. (1982) Magnetic anisotropy of rocks and its application in geology and geophysics. Geophy. Surv., v.5, pp.37-82.
- HROUDA, F. (1994) A technique for the measurement of thermal changes of magnetic susceptibility of weakly magnetic rocks by the CS-2 apparatus and KLY-2 Kappabridge. Geophys. Jour. Internat., v.118, pp.604-612.
- HROUDA, F., TABORSKA, S., SCHULMANN, K., JE•EK, J. and DOLEJŠ (1999) Magnetic fabric and rheology of co-mingled magmas in the Nasavrky Plutonic Complex (E Bohemia): implications for intrusive strain regime and emplacement mechanism.
- HROUDA, F. and ULLEMEYER, K. (2001) Quantitative correlation of biotite lattice preferred orientations and magnetic fabrics in granulites from the Southern Bohemian Massif. Z. dt. Geol. Ges., v.152, pp.547-61.
- JAYANGONDAPERUMAL, R. and DUBEY, A.K. (2001) Superposed folding of blind thrust and formation of klippen: results of anisotropic magnetic susceptibility from the Lesser Himalaya. Jour. Asian Earth Sci. v.19, pp.713-725.
- JAYANGONDAPERUMAL, R., DUBEY, A.K. and SEN, K. (2010) Mesoscopic and magnetic fabrics in arcuate igneous bodies: an example from the Mandi-Karsog pluton, Himachal Lesser Himalaya. Geol. Mag., v.147, pp.652-664.
- JELÍNEK, V. (1981) Characterization of the magnetic fabrics of rocks. Tectonophysics, v.79, pp.63-67.
- JOSHI, M. (1999) Evolution of the Basal Shear Zone of the Almora Nappe, Kumaun Himalaya. Mem. Gondwana Res. Mem., v.6, pp.69-80.
- JOSHI, M. and TIWARI, A.N. (2004) Quartz C-axes and metastable phases in the metamorphic rocks of Almora Nappe: evidence of pre-Himalayan signatures. Curr. Sci., v.87, pp.995-999.
- JOSHI, M. and TIWARI, A. N. (2009) Structural events and metamorphic consequences in Almora Nappe, during Himalayan collision tectonics. Jour. Asian Earth Sci., v.34, pp.326-335.
- KAILA, K.L., GAUR, V.K. and NARAIN, H (1972) Quantitative seismically maps of India. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., v.62, pp.1119-1132.
- KRISHNASWAMY, V.S., JALOTE, S.P. and SHOME, S.K. (1970) Recent crustal movements in the northwest Himalaya and the Gangetic foredeep and related pattern of seismicity. Proc.. 4th. Symp. Earthquake Engg., Roorkee University, Roorkee, pp.419-339.
- KOTHYARI, G.C. and PANT, P.D. (2008) Evidences of Active Deformation in the Northwestern part of Almora, in Kumaun Lesser Himalaya: A Geomorphic perspective. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.72, pp.353-364.
- MAJUMDER, S. and MAMTANI, M.A. (2009) Magnetic fabric in the Malanjkhand Granite (Central India)- Impliacations for regional tectonics and Proterozoic Suturing of Indian shield. Physics Earth Planet. Interiors, v.172, pp.310-323.
- MAMTANI, M.A. and GREILING, R.O. (2005) Granite emplacement and its relation with regional deformation in the Aravalli Mountain Belt (India) - inferences from magnetic fabric. Jour. Struc. Geol., v.27, pp. 2008-2029.
- MAMTANI, M.A. and SENGUPTA, A. (2009) Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis of deformed kaolinite: implications for evaluating landslides. Internat. Jour. Earth Sci., v. 98, pp. 1721-1725
- MAMTANI, M.A. and SENGUPTA, A. (2010) Significance of AMS analysis in evaluating superposed folds in quartzites. Geol. Mag., v.147, pp.910-918.
- MOLNAR, P. and TAPPONNIER, P. (1975) Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: Effects of a continental collision. Science, v.189, pp.419-426.
- MUKHERJI, M.A., CHAUDHURI, A.K. and MAMTANI, M.A. (2004) Regional scale strain variations in Banded Iron Formations of eastern India: results from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility studies. Jour. Struc. Geol., v.26, pp.2175-2189.
- NAKAMURA, N. and NAGAHAMA, H. (1997) Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and plastic strain of rocks:A Finsler geometrical approach. Acta Geophysica Polonica, v.45, pp.333-54.
- NAKAMURA, N. and NAGAHAMA, H. (2001) Changes in magnetic and fractal properties of fractured granites near the Nojima Fault, Japan. The Island Arc, v.10, pp.486-494.
- NAKAMURA, N. and BORRADAILE, G. J. (2004) Metamorphic control of magnetic susceptibility and magnetic fabrics: a 3-D projection. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., v.38, pp.61-68.
- OZIMA, M. and KINOSHITA, H. (1964) Magnetic anisotropy of andesites in a fault zone. Jour. Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity. v.16, pp.194-200.
- PANT, P.D., KOTHYARI, G.C. and LUIREI, K. (2007) Geomorphic evidences of neotectonic activity from a part of North Almora Thrust, between Seraghat – Basoli section in central Kumaun, Uttaranchal, India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India., v.70, pp.815-823.
- PAUL, A., BHAKUNI, S.S., PANT, C.C., DARMWAL, G.S. and PATHAK, V. (2010) Microseismicity in central part of Inner Kumaun Lesser Himalaya: Implication to active seisotectonics. Himalayan Geol., v.31, pp.107-115.
- RICHARDS, A., ARGLES, T., HARRIS, N., PARRISH, R., AHMAD, T.,DARBYSHIRE, F. and DRAGANITS, E. (2005) Himalayan architecture constrained by isotopic tracers from clastic sediments: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.236, pp.773-796.
- ROCHETTE, P. (1987) Magnetic susceptibility of the rock matrix related to magnetic fabric studies. Jour. Struc. Geol., v.9, pp.1015-1020.
- SEN, K., MAJUMDER, S. and MAMTANI, M.A. (2005) Degree of magnetic anisotropy as a strain intensity gauge in ferromagnetic granites. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v.162, pp.583-586.
- SEN, K. and MAMTANI, M.A. (2006) Magnetic fabric, shape preferred orientation and regional strain in granitic rocks. Jour. Struc. Geol, v.28, pp.1870-1882
- SIDMAN, D., FERRE, E. C., TEYSSIER, C. and JAKSON, M. (2005) Magnetic fabric and microstructure of a mylonite: example from the Bitterischolar_main Shear zone, Western Montana. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., v.245, pp.143-163.
- SRIVASTAVA, H.N. (1973) The crustal seismicity and the nature of faulting near India-Nepal-Tibet trijunction. Himalayan Geol., v.3, pp.381-393.
- SRIVASTAVA, P. and MITRA, G. (1994) Thrust geometries and deep structure of the outer and lesser Himalaya, Kumaun and Garhwal (India): implications for evolution of the Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt. Tectonics, v.13, pp.89-109.
- SRIVASTAVA, P. and MITRA, G. (1996) Deformational mechanism and inverted thermal profile in the North Almora Thrust mylonite zone, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India. Jour. Struc. Geol., v.18, pp.27-39.
- TARLING, D.H. and HROUDA, F. (1993) The magnetic anisotropy of rocks. Chapman and Hall, London, 271p.
- TRIPATHY, N.R., SRIVASTAVA, H.B. and MAMTANI, M.A. (2009) Evolution of a regional strain gradient in mylonitic quartzities from the foot wall of the main central thrust zone (Garhwal Himalya, India): Inferences from finite strain and AMS analysis. Jour. Asian Earth Sci., v.34, pp.26-37.
- VALDIYA, K.S. (1976) Himalayan transverse faults and folds and their parallelism with subsurface structures of North Indian plains. Tectonophysics, v.32, pp.353-386.
- VALDIYA, K.S. (1980) Geology of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya. WIHG, Dehradun, 291p.
- VALDIYA, K.S. (1998) Dynamic Himalaya. University Press, Hyderabad, 178p.
- VALDIYA, K.S., PAUL, S.K., CHANDRA, T., BHAKUNI, S.S. and UPADHYAY, R.C. (1999) Tectonic and lithological characterization of Himadri (Great Himalaya) between Kali and Yamuna rivers, central Himalaya. Himalayan Geol., v.20, pp. 1-17.
- VISHNU, C.S., MAMTANI, M.A. and BASU, A. (2010) AMS, ultrasonic P-wave velocity and rock strength analysis in quartzite devoid of mesoscopic foliation- implications for rock mechanics studies. Tectonophysics, v.494, pp.191-200.